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91.
Chemical characteristics of chromian spinel in plutonic rocks: Implications for deep magma processes and discrimination of tectonic setting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shoji Arai Hidenobu Okamura Kazuyuki Kadoshima Chima Tanaka Kenji Suzuki Satoko Ishimaru 《Island Arc》2011,20(1):125-137
We summarize chemical characteristics of chromian spinels from ultramafic to mafic plutonic rocks (lherzolites, harzburgites, dunites, wehrlites, troctolites, olivine gabbros) with regard to three tectonic settings (mid‐ocean ridge, arc, oceanic hotspot). The chemical range of spinels is distinguishable between the three settings in terms of Cr# (= Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio) and Ti content. The relationships are almost parallel with those of chromian spinels in volcanic rocks, but the Ti content is slightly lower in plutonics than in volcanics at a given tectonic environment. The Cr# of spinels in plutonic rocks is highly diverse; its ranges overlap between the three settings, but extend to higher values (up to 0.8) in arc and oceanic hotspot environments. The Ti content of spinels in plutonics increases, for a given lithology, from the arc to oceanic hotspot settings by mid‐ocean ridge on average. This chemical diversity is consistent with that of erupted magmas from the three settings. If we systematically know the chemistry of chromian spinels from a series of plutonic rocks, we can estimate their tectonic environments of formation. The spinel chemistry is especially useful in dunitic rocks, in which chromian spinel is the only discriminating mineral. Applying this, discordant dunites cutting mantle peridotites were possibly precipitated from arc‐related magmas in the Oman ophiolite, and from an intraplate tholeiite in the Lizard ophiolite, Cornwall. 相似文献
92.
In this paper, the effect of pulse-type motions caused by forward directivity that can release huge amounts of energy in a short time period is studied on a telecommunication tower. Since telecommunication towers have longer periods, they are not as affected by seismic forces. Nevertheless, near source earthquakes characterized by high velocity and velocity pulses can change the behavior of these structures. For this reason, a telecommunication tower located near active faults was selected in this study. Considering the probable earthquake magnitude at the site and the distance of the tower from adjacent faults, nine simulated pulses and three near-fault earthquake records with forward directivity are selected and applied to a 3D fi nite element model of the tower. The results of nonlinear dynamic analysis, i.e., displacements and damage in the tower, indicate that the maximum displacement and drift ratio of the tower under the pulses are obviously affected by the ratio of the structure period to pulse period. When this ratio is decreased and close to 1.0, the maximum displacement and drift ratio are sharply increased and cause large displacements in the tower. 相似文献
93.
Werasak Raongjant 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(3):417-422
This paper describes a quasi-static test program featuring lateral cyclic loading on single piles in sandy soil. The tests were conducted on 18 aluminum model piles with different cross sections and lateral load eccentricity ratios, e/d, (e is the lateral load eccentricity and d is the diameter of pile) of 0, 4 and 8, embedded in sand with a relative density of 30% and 70%. The experimental results include lateral load-displacement hysteresis loops, skeleton curves and energy dissipation curves. Lateral capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of single piles under seismic load were evaluated in detail. The lateral capacities and the energy dissipation capacity of piles in dense sand were much higher than in loose sand. When embedded in loose sand, the maximum lateral load and the maximum lateral displacement of piles increased as e/d increased. On the contrary, when embedded in dense sand, the maximum lateral load of piles decreased as e/d increased. Piles with a higher load eccentricity ratio experienced higher energy dissipation capacity than piles with e/d of 0 in both dense and loose sand. At a given level of displacement, piles with circular cross sections provided the best energy dissipation capacity in both loose and dense sand. 相似文献
94.
95.
为了提高窄带干扰与期望卫星信号同向时的抑制性能,提出了一种新的空频自适应滤波算法。该算法首先利用频域实系数自适应滤波对信号进行预处理抑制窄带干扰,然后在频域直接对处理后的信号进行空频自适应处理抑制宽带干扰。算法在预处理时采用自适应滤波可有效减少期望卫星信号的损失以及SFAP导向矢量误差。仿真实验表明,相对于普通的空时及空频自适应处理算法,新算法有效地提高了输出信干噪比,在干扰与信号同向的情况下也能表现出优良的处理性能。 相似文献
96.
分析了数字高程模型(DEM)的国家精度标准,及其与一些实际数据间的逻辑矛盾,并运用GIS数据质量理论,从分辨率、逻辑一致性、完整性的角度,分析了DEM误差、高程的序同构原理和必须综合生成原理。提出"DEM不应是间距dx上的取样点高程,而应是间距dx×dx上颗粒度的代表高程",突出了综合在DEM中的关键作用。 相似文献
97.
GM(1,1)模型是灰色系统理论的核心预测模型,对GM(1,1)模型的建模条件进行研究是提高模拟精度的基础.采用理论证明和数值算例相结合的方法对GM(1,1)模型的建模条件进行研究,拓展了经典灰色预测模型的级比判定条件.结果表明:当原始序列的累加序列值都相等时,发展系数不存在;提高原始序列光滑度不是提高模拟精度的充分条件. 相似文献
98.
99.
居住小区容积率空间差异——以大连市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以土地利用中居住小区及房屋调查数据为基础、居住小区为基本研究单元,通过GIS技术和泰尔指数模型,对大连市居住小区容积率空间差异进行实证研究。先应用GIS技术对居住小区容积率进行计算,其次将居住小区容积率划分为7个等级并对居住小区进行容积率分级,应用GIS软件生成空间分布图和等值线图,然后应用泰尔指数计算居住小区容积率空间差异测度指数,最后分析其形成原因。结果表明:1大连市居住小区容积率呈不同等级整体破碎、相同等级小范围集聚、邻近等级穿插结合的空间分布特征。2大连市居住小区容积率整体分异测度指数不高,极低和极高容积率等级的居住小区差异测度最大;全市四大区域中,中山区差异测度最大,甘井子区差异测度最小,四大区域的内部差异测度远远大于各区域之间的差异测度,是大连市居住小区容积率空间差异的显著特点。3居住小区容积率空间差异的主要原因是城市不同区位和房屋属性所形成的住宅类型指向、城市空间地貌对居住小区建设的制约、城市居住用地规划标准的宏观导向、城市地价对容积率的作用。 相似文献
100.
Dynamic characteristics of heavy-haul railway subgrade under vibratory loading in cold regions are investigated via low-temperature dynamic triaxial tests with multi-stage cyclic loading process. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and dynamic shear strain of frozen soil of subgrade under train loading and the influence of freezing temperatures on dynamic constitutive relation, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are observed in this study. Test results show that the dynamic constitutive relations of the frozen soils with different freezing temperatures comply with the hyperbolic model, in which model parameters a and b decrease with increasing freezing temperature. The dynamic shear modulus of the frozen soils decreases with increasing dynamic shear strains initially, followed by a relatively smooth attenuation tendency, whereas increases with decreasing freezing temperatures. The damping ratios decrease with decreasing freezing temperatures. Two linear functions are defined to express the linear relationships between dynamic shear modulus (damping ratio) and freezing temperature, respectively, in which corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through multiple regression analysis of test data. 相似文献